In the winter of 1939, when the military posted Swedish miler
Gundar Hagg to the far north of that nordic country, he devised a unique training program of running on trails through knee- or hip-deep snow. Most days he would do 2500 meters in snow for strength, followed by 2500 meters on a cleared road for turn-over. But during those times when he couldn’t find cleared roads—sometimes for weeks—he’d run up to the full 5K in snow. The next summer he set huge PRs, coming within one second of the mile world record. Hagg continued his routine in subsequent winters, devising a hilly 5K loop in a different locale that trudged through snowy forest for 3000 meters then ended with a 2000 meter stretch of road where he could run at full speed. He kept improving, and the summer of 1942 he set 10 world records between 1500m and 5,000m. While Hagg’s routine was created out of necessity, he obviously valued the snowy training. When he moved to a city with a milder climate, he wrote in a training journal, “It will be harder running than any previous year. Probably there won’t be much snow.” And every winter he scheduled trips north to train on the familiar, tough, snowy trails.
And Haag isn’t the only runner who has found winter training valuable.
Roger Robinson, who raced internationally for England and New Zealand in the 1960s before setting masters road records in the ‘80s, recalls his training for the deep-winter English cross country championships of the 1950’s and 60s. “We ran, often at race pace, over snow, mud, puddles, deep leaves, ploughed fields, scratchy stubble, stumpy grass, sticky clay, sheep-poo, whatever, uphill and down,” Robinson says. “And thus, without going near a gym or a machine, we developed strength, spring, flexibility, and stride versatility that also paid off later on the road or track; I made one of my biggest track breakthroughs after a winter spent running long intervals on a terrain of steep hills and soft shifting sand.” Robinson, now 80, with two artificial knees, still runs in the cold and slop. “Running is still in great part about feeling the surfaces and shape of the earth under my feet,” he says.
Now without further ado, let's check out these 5 Reasons to embrace winter running:
1) Winter Running Makes You Strong
As Hagg demonstrated and Robinson points out, winter conditions work muscles and tendons you’d never recruit on the smooth, dry path. A deep-winter run often ends up being as diverse as a set of form and flexibility drills: high knees, bounds, skips, side-lunges, one-leg balancing…
Bill Aris, coach of the perennially-successful Fayetteville-Manlius high school programs, believes that tough winter conditions are ideal for off-season training that has the goal of building aerobic and muscular strength. He sends the kids out every day during the upstate New York winter, and says they come back, “sweating, exhausted and smiling, feeling like they have completely worked every system in their bodies.”
*Running in tough winter conditions builds brain strength as well, by teaching you the mental skills needed to endure harsh conditions and block out uncomfortableness for longer periods of time, which is a crucial skill all runners need (especially long distance runners).
2) Winter Running Makes You Tough
No matter how much you know it is good for you and that you’ll be glad when you’re done, it takes gumption to bundled up, get out the door and face the wintry blast day after day. But besides getting physically stronger, you’re also building mental steel. When you’ve battled snow and slop, darkness and biting winds all winter, the challenges of distance, hills and speed will seem tame come spring.
“If you have trained in deep snow, or battled up a slippery hill into freezing sleet, or lifted your feet out of sticky clay for an hour, the race can hold no fear,” Robinson says. “If you do real winter training, Boston in April can throw nothing at you that you have not prepared for.”
*From experience, I will tell you this is true. My sister, Caren, and I had the blessing of running Boston together in 2010. She trained in Alaska (where she lived) in temperatures where her water bottles would freeze if she didn't keep them inside her coat and ran through piles of frozen precipitation. I trained here in Missouri where we had a typical winter of cold, snow, sleet, and ice. We both ran Boston in a respectable time and appreciated the winter training.
3) Winter Running Improves Your StrideRunning on the same smooth, flat ground every day can lead to running ruts. Our neuromuscular patterns become calcified and the same muscles get used repeatedly. This makes running feel easier, but it also predisposes us to injury and prevents us from improving our stride as we get fitter or improve our strength and mobility. Introducing a variety of surfaces and uncertain footplants shakes up our stride, recruits different muscles in different movement patterns, and makes our stride more effective and robust as new patterns are discovered. You can create this
stride shake-up by hitting a technical trail. But as Megan Roche, physician, ultrarunning champion, clinical researcher at Stanford and Strava running coach, points out, “A lot of runners don’t have access to trails. Many runners are running on flat ground, roads—having snow and ice is actually helpful, makes it like a trail.”
In addition to creating variety, slippery winter conditions also encourage elements of an efficient, low-impact stride. “One thing running on snow or ice reinforces is a high turn over rate and a bit more mindfulness of where your feet are hitting the ground,” Roche says. “And those two things combine to a reduced injury risk.” After a winter of taking quicker, more balanced strides, those patterns will persist, and you’ll be a smoother, more durable runner when you start speeding up and going longer on clearer roads.
*Take the time now to invest in some
traction cleats so you'll be ready for whatever winter throws at you. This is also a great time to consider purchasing a GORE-TEX pair of running shoes or boots. This will ensure that your feet stay warm and dry.
4) Winter Running Makes You Healthier
“Exercising in general, particularly during periods of higher cold or flu season has a protective effect in terms of the immune system,” says Roche. You get this benefit by getting your heart rate up and getting moving even indoors, but Roche says, “Getting outside is generally preferable—fresh air has its own positive effect.”
Cathy Fieseler, ultrarunner and sports physician on the board of directors of the International Institute of Race Medicine (IIRM), says there’s not much scientific literature to prove it, but agrees that in her experience getting outside has health benefits. “In cold weather the furnace heat in the house dries up your throat and thickens the mucous in the sinuses,” Fieseler says. “The cold air clears this out; it really clears your head.” Fieseler warns, however, that cold can trigger bronchospasms in those with asthma, and Roche suggests that when it gets really cold you wear a balaclava or scarf over your mouth to hold some heat in and keep your lungs warmer. “Anything below zero, you need to be dressed really well and mindful of your lungs, making sure that you’re not exposing your lungs to too cold for too long,” Roche says.
*Adding to that, with the darkness and the cold winter brings, many people spend more time indoors and don't get the Vitamin D the sun gives or the antidepressant rays (yes, there's healing properties in those sunbeams) the sun puts off, making it even more important to get out there and soak it up.
5) Winter Running Makes You Feel Better
For all its training and health benefits, the thing that will most likely get most of us out the door on white and windy days is that it makes us feel great. “A number of runners that I coach and that I see in clinics suffer from feeling more depressed or a little bit lower in winter,” says Roche. “Running is a great way to combat that. There’s something really freeing about getting out doors, feeling the fresh air and having that outdoor stress release.”
Research shows that getting outside is qualitatively different than exercising indoors. A
2011 systematic review of related studies concluded, “Compared with exercising indoors, exercising in natural environments was associated with greater feelings of revitalization and positive engagement, decreases in tension, confusion, anger, and depression, and increased energy.” They also found that “participants reported greater enjoyment and satisfaction with outdoor activity and declared a greater intent to repeat the activity at a later date.”
*As someone who has been "trapped" inside by winter storms throughout the years of living in the country and gotten in my workouts on a recumbent bike or elliptical while longingly looking out the window, I will tell you that the two are NOT the same. The calorie burn might be the same but the "feel good" feelings that come from inside workouts is not the same.
That “intent to repeat” is important. Running becomes easier and more enjoyable, the more you do it. “Consistent running is really the most fun running,” Roche says. “It takes 4 weeks of consistency to really feel good. Your body just locks into it.”
Most people associate consistency with discipline, and setting goals and being accountable is an effective way to build a consistent habit. Strava data shows that people who set goals are much more consistent and persistent in their activities throughout the year. The desire to achieve a goal can help overcome that moment of inertia when we’re weighing current comfort with potential enjoyment.
But the best way to create long-term consistency is learning to love the run itself. Runners who make it a regular part of their life talk little about discipline and more about how much they appreciate the chance to escape and to experience the world on their run each day—even, perhaps especially, on the blustery, cold, sloppy ones. “I want to get out into whatever the weather is, the environment is. I want the experience,” Robinson says. “Yes, in winter it’s nice to stay warm inside; except when you go outside once a day to run, in whatever weather and on whatever footing nature provides. That’s called living. It’s also good for your later races.”
*Indeed, that's called living. Which is the very reason you should put money into acquiring the right clothes and a stockpile of
hot hands so you won't miss out on this glorious season. After all, barring a few exceptions, there's no weather bad enough to keep you from heading outside only inappropriate clothing. Don't be afraid to buy your items secondhand or at discount stores either (I have acquired all my gear this way) or to seek the advice of mature runners who can save you a lot of money by telling you what you truly do and do not need.
So there you have it friends. Running in the winter gives a runner grit and improves them in more ways than I listed here. So get prepared now so you can embrace winter running. You'll be glad you did!
Happy Running!
